"canalisation" meaning in All languages combined

See canalisation on Wiktionary

Noun [English]

IPA: /ˌkænələˈzeɪʃən/ Forms: canalisations [plural], canalization [alternative]
Etymology: Etymology tree English canal English -ise English canalise Proto-Indo-European *-tis Proto-Indo-European *-Hō Proto-Indo-European *-tiHō Proto-Italic *-tiō Latin -tiō Latin -ātiōlbor. Old French -ationbor. Middle English -acioun English -ation English canalisation From canalise + -ation. Etymology templates: {{ety|en|:af|canalise|-ation|text=+|tree=1}} Etymology tree English canal English -ise English canalise Proto-Indo-European *-tis Proto-Indo-European *-Hō Proto-Indo-European *-tiHō Proto-Italic *-tiō Latin -tiō Latin -ātiōlbor. Old French -ationbor. Middle English -acioun English -ation English canalisation [Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from", "terms" : [ { "children" : [ { "keyword_abbrev" : "lbor.", "keyword_label" : "Learned borrowing from", "terms" : [ { "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "alt" : "*-tiHō", "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-European", "status" : "inline", "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "children" : [ ], "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-European", "term" : "*-tis", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "ine-pro" }, { "children" : [ ], "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-European", "term" : "*-Hō", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "ine-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "From", "is_group" : true, "keyword" : "affix" } ], "lang" : "ine-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "lang_name" : "Proto-Italic", "term" : "*-tiō", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "itc-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "lang_name" : "Latin", "term" : "-tiō", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "la" } ], "keyword_label" : "From", "keyword" : "from" } ], "lang_name" : "Latin", "term" : "-ātiō", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "la" } ], "keyword" : "lbor" } ], "lang_name" : "Old French", "term" : "-ation", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "fro" } ], "keyword" : "bor" } ], "lang_name" : "Middle English", "term" : "-acioun", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "enm" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "lang_name" : "English", "term" : "-ation", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "en" } ], "keyword_label" : "From", "is_group" : true, "keyword" : "affix" } ], "lang_name" : "English", "term" : "canalisation", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "en" }" data-lang="en" data-title="canalisation"> From canalise + -ation. Head templates: {{en-noun|-|s}} canalisation (usually uncountable, plural canalisations)
  1. The conversion of a river or other waterway to a canal. Tags: uncountable, usually
    Sense id: en-canalisation-en-noun-d4sXiU~h
  2. The management of something using defined channels of communication. Tags: uncountable, usually
    Sense id: en-canalisation-en-noun-x0U5~E6O Categories (other): Pages using etymon with no ID Disambiguation of Pages using etymon with no ID: 3 46 36 3 13
  3. (genetics) The ability of a genotype to produce the same phenotype regardless of variability of its environment. Tags: uncountable, usually
    Sense id: en-canalisation-en-noun-mo26GE1E Categories (other): Genetics, English entries with etymology texts, English entries with etymology trees, English entries with incorrect language header, English terms suffixed with -ation, Pages with 2 entries, Pages with entries, Pages with etymology trees Disambiguation of English entries with etymology texts: 7 19 74 Disambiguation of English entries with etymology trees: 7 19 74 Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 3 13 83 Disambiguation of English terms suffixed with -ation: 8 23 70 Disambiguation of Pages with 2 entries: 5 11 62 5 18 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 4 9 68 4 15 Disambiguation of Pages with etymology trees: 4 12 83 Topics: biology, genetics, medicine, natural-sciences, sciences
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Derived forms: decanalisation, recanalisation

Noun [French]

IPA: /ka.na.li.za.sjɔ̃/ Audio: LL-Q150 (fra)-WikiLucas00-canalisation.wav [France, Lyon] Forms: canalisations [plural]
Rhymes: -jɔ̃ Etymology: From canaliser + -ation. Etymology templates: {{ety|fr|:af|canaliser|-ation}} [Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from", "terms" : [ { "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "alt" : "*cannālis", "lang_name" : "Latin", "status" : "inline", "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "gloss" : "reed, cane", "children" : [ { "keyword_abbrev" : "bor.", "keyword_label" : "Borrowed from", "terms" : [ { "id" : "reed", "children" : [ { "keyword_abbrev" : "bor.", "keyword_label" : "Borrowed from", "terms" : [ { "alt" : "𒂵𒉡𒌑𒌝", "id" : "reed", "children" : [ ], "transliteration" : "qanûm", "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Akkadian", "term" : "qanûm", "lang" : "akk" } ], "keyword" : "bor" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Ancient Greek", "term" : "κᾰ́ννᾰ", "lang" : "grc" } ], "keyword" : "bor" } ], "lang_name" : "Latin", "term" : "canna", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "la" }, { "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "children" : [ { "keyword_abbrev" : "der.", "is_uncertain" : true, "keyword_label" : "Derived from", "terms" : [ { "id" : "grow", "children" : [ ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-European", "term" : "*h₂el-", "lang" : "ine-pro" } ], "keyword" : "derived" } ], "lang_name" : "Proto-Italic", "term" : "*-ālis", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "itc-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "lang_name" : "Latin", "term" : "-ālis", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "la", "pos" : "adjectival suffix" } ], "keyword_label" : "From", "is_group" : true, "keyword" : "affix" } ], "lang" : "la" } ], "keyword_label" : "From", "keyword" : "from" } ], "lang_name" : "Latin", "term" : "canālis", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "la" } ], "keyword" : "bor" } ], "lang_name" : "French", "term" : "canal", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "fr" }, { "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "children" : [ { "keyword_abbrev" : "bor.", "keyword_label" : "Borrowed from", "terms" : [ { "alt" : "-izāre", "children" : [ { "keyword_abbrev" : "bor.", "keyword_label" : "Borrowed from", "terms" : [ { "id" : "verbal", "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "children" : [ ], "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-European", "term" : "*-id-", "status" : "missing", "lang" : "ine-pro" }, { "children" : [ ], "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-European", "term" : "*-yéti", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "ine-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "From", "is_group" : true, "keyword" : "affix" } ], "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-European", "term" : "*-idyéti", "status" : "inline", "lang" : "ine-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "lang_name" : "Proto-Hellenic", "term" : "*-íďďō", "status" : "inline", "lang" : "grk-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Ancient Greek", "term" : "-ῐ́ζω", "lang" : "grc" } ], "keyword" : "bor" } ], "lang_name" : "Late Latin", "term" : "-izo", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "la-lat" } ], "keyword" : "bor" } ], "lang_name" : "Old French", "term" : "-iser", "status" : "inline", "lang" : "fro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "lang_name" : "French", "term" : "-iser", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "fr" } ], "keyword_label" : "From", "is_group" : true, "keyword" : "affix" } ], "lang_name" : "French", "term" : "canaliser", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "fr" }, { "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "id" : "suffix", "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "id" : "suffix", "children" : [ { "keyword_abbrev" : "lbor.", "keyword_label" : "Learned borrowing from", "terms" : [ { "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "alt" : "*-tiHō", "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-European", "status" : "inline", "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "children" : [ ], "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-European", "term" : "*-tis", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "ine-pro" }, { "children" : [ ], "lang_name" : "Proto-Indo-European", "term" : "*-Hō", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "ine-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "From", "is_group" : true, "keyword" : "affix" } ], "lang" : "ine-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "lang_name" : "Proto-Italic", "term" : "*-tiō", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "itc-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "lang_name" : "Latin", "term" : "-tiō", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "la" } ], "keyword_label" : "From", "keyword" : "from" } ], "lang_name" : "Latin", "term" : "-ātiō", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "la" } ], "keyword" : "lbor" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Old French", "term" : "-ation", "lang" : "fro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Middle French", "term" : "-ation", "lang" : "frm" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "lang_name" : "French", "term" : "-ation", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "fr" } ], "keyword_label" : "From", "is_group" : true, "keyword" : "affix" } ], "lang_name" : "French", "term" : "canalisation", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "fr" }" data-lang="fr" data-title="canalisation">, {{af|fr|canaliser|-ation}} canaliser + -ation Head templates: {{fr-noun|f}} canalisation f (plural canalisations)
  1. (often in the plural) pipe Tags: feminine, in-plural, often
    Sense id: en-canalisation-fr-noun-QAgpRzkW
  2. channeling Tags: feminine
    Sense id: en-canalisation-fr-noun-AJbz~dEk Categories (other): French entries with incorrect language header, French terms suffixed with -ation Disambiguation of French entries with incorrect language header: 18 82 Disambiguation of French terms suffixed with -ation: 18 82

Inflected forms

Alternative forms

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "decanalisation"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "recanalisation"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": ":af",
        "3": "canalise",
        "4": "-ation",
        "text": "+",
        "tree": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "Etymology tree\nEnglish canal\nEnglish -ise\nEnglish canalise\nProto-Indo-European *-tis\nProto-Indo-European *-Hō\nProto-Indo-European *-tiHō\nProto-Italic *-tiō\nLatin -tiō\nLatin -ātiōlbor.\nOld French -ationbor.\nMiddle English -acioun\nEnglish -ation\nEnglish canalisation\n[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"lbor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Learned borrowing from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*-tiHō\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-tis\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-Hō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-tiō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-tiō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ātiō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"lbor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old French\", \"term\" : \"-ation\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"fro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"-acioun\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"-ation\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"canalisation\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"canalisation\">\nFrom canalise + -ation.",
      "name": "ety"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nEnglish canal\nEnglish -ise\nEnglish canalise\nProto-Indo-European *-tis\nProto-Indo-European *-Hō\nProto-Indo-European *-tiHō\nProto-Italic *-tiō\nLatin -tiō\nLatin -ātiōlbor.\nOld French -ationbor.\nMiddle English -acioun\nEnglish -ation\nEnglish canalisation\nFrom canalise + -ation.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "canalisations",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "canalization",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "-",
        "2": "s"
      },
      "expansion": "canalisation (usually uncountable, plural canalisations)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              77,
              89
            ]
          ],
          "ref": "1857, Charles Lamb Kenney, The Gates of the East: Ten Chapters on the Isthmus of Suez Canal, page 18:",
          "text": "The whole of the soil of the isthmus is admirably adapted for the labours of canalisation.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "The conversion of a river or other waterway to a canal."
      ],
      "id": "en-canalisation-en-noun-d4sXiU~h",
      "links": [
        [
          "conversion",
          "conversion"
        ],
        [
          "river",
          "river"
        ],
        [
          "waterway",
          "waterway"
        ],
        [
          "canal",
          "canal"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "uncountable",
        "usually"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "3 46 36 3 13",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "The management of something using defined channels of communication."
      ],
      "id": "en-canalisation-en-noun-x0U5~E6O",
      "links": [
        [
          "management",
          "management"
        ],
        [
          "channel",
          "channel"
        ],
        [
          "communication",
          "communication"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "uncountable",
        "usually"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Genetics",
          "orig": "en:Genetics",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "7 19 74",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with etymology texts",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "7 19 74",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with etymology trees",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "3 13 83",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "8 23 70",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English terms suffixed with -ation",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "5 11 62 5 18",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 2 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "4 9 68 4 15",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "4 12 83",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with etymology trees",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "The ability of a genotype to produce the same phenotype regardless of variability of its environment."
      ],
      "id": "en-canalisation-en-noun-mo26GE1E",
      "links": [
        [
          "genetics",
          "genetics"
        ],
        [
          "genotype",
          "genotype"
        ],
        [
          "phenotype",
          "phenotype"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(genetics) The ability of a genotype to produce the same phenotype regardless of variability of its environment."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "uncountable",
        "usually"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "biology",
        "genetics",
        "medicine",
        "natural-sciences",
        "sciences"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˌkænələˈzeɪʃən/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "canalisation"
}

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "lang": "Belarusian",
      "lang_code": "be",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ],
      "roman": "kanalizácyja",
      "word": "каналіза́цыя"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Polish",
      "lang_code": "pl",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ],
      "word": "kanalizacja"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Russian",
      "lang_code": "ru",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ],
      "roman": "kanalizácija",
      "word": "канализа́ция"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Turkish",
      "lang_code": "tr",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ],
      "word": "kanalizasyon"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Ukrainian",
      "lang_code": "uk",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ],
      "roman": "kanalizácija",
      "word": "каналіза́ція"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": ":af",
        "3": "canaliser",
        "4": "-ation"
      },
      "expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*cannālis\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"gloss\" : \"reed, cane\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"reed\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"𒂵𒉡𒌑𒌝\", \"id\" : \"reed\", \"children\" : [ ], \"transliteration\" : \"qanûm\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Akkadian\", \"term\" : \"qanûm\", \"lang\" : \"akk\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"κᾰ́ννᾰ\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"canna\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"grow\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*h₂el-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-ālis\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ālis\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\", \"pos\" : \"adjectival suffix\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"canālis\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"French\", \"term\" : \"canal\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"fr\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"-izāre\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"verbal\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-id-\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-yéti\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-idyéti\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Hellenic\", \"term\" : \"*-íďďō\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"grk-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"-ῐ́ζω\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Late Latin\", \"term\" : \"-izo\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la-lat\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old French\", \"term\" : \"-iser\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"fro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"French\", \"term\" : \"-iser\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"fr\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"French\", \"term\" : \"canaliser\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"fr\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"suffix\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"suffix\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"lbor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Learned borrowing from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*-tiHō\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-tis\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-Hō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-tiō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-tiō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ātiō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"lbor\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old French\", \"term\" : \"-ation\", \"lang\" : \"fro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Middle French\", \"term\" : \"-ation\", \"lang\" : \"frm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"French\", \"term\" : \"-ation\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"fr\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"French\", \"term\" : \"canalisation\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"fr\" }\" data-lang=\"fr\" data-title=\"canalisation\">",
      "name": "ety"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "canaliser",
        "3": "-ation"
      },
      "expansion": "canaliser + -ation",
      "name": "af"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From canaliser + -ation.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "canalisations",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "f"
      },
      "expansion": "canalisation f (plural canalisations)",
      "name": "fr-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "French",
  "lang_code": "fr",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "pipe"
      ],
      "id": "en-canalisation-fr-noun-QAgpRzkW",
      "links": [
        [
          "pipe",
          "pipe"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(often in the plural) pipe"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "in-plural",
        "often"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "18 82",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "French entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "18 82",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "French terms suffixed with -ation",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "channeling"
      ],
      "id": "en-canalisation-fr-noun-AJbz~dEk",
      "links": [
        [
          "channeling",
          "channeling"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ka.na.li.za.sjɔ̃/"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-WikiLucas00-canalisation.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/06/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-WikiLucas00-canalisation.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-WikiLucas00-canalisation.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/06/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-WikiLucas00-canalisation.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-WikiLucas00-canalisation.wav.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "France",
        "Lyon"
      ]
    },
    {
      "homophone": "canalisations"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-jɔ̃"
    }
  ],
  "word": "canalisation"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "English countable nouns",
    "English entries with etymology texts",
    "English entries with etymology trees",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English lemmas",
    "English nouns",
    "English terms suffixed with -ation",
    "English uncountable nouns",
    "Pages using etymon with no ID",
    "Pages with 2 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Pages with etymology trees"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "decanalisation"
    },
    {
      "word": "recanalisation"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": ":af",
        "3": "canalise",
        "4": "-ation",
        "text": "+",
        "tree": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "Etymology tree\nEnglish canal\nEnglish -ise\nEnglish canalise\nProto-Indo-European *-tis\nProto-Indo-European *-Hō\nProto-Indo-European *-tiHō\nProto-Italic *-tiō\nLatin -tiō\nLatin -ātiōlbor.\nOld French -ationbor.\nMiddle English -acioun\nEnglish -ation\nEnglish canalisation\n[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"lbor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Learned borrowing from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*-tiHō\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-tis\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-Hō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-tiō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-tiō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ātiō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"lbor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old French\", \"term\" : \"-ation\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"fro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"-acioun\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"-ation\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"canalisation\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"canalisation\">\nFrom canalise + -ation.",
      "name": "ety"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nEnglish canal\nEnglish -ise\nEnglish canalise\nProto-Indo-European *-tis\nProto-Indo-European *-Hō\nProto-Indo-European *-tiHō\nProto-Italic *-tiō\nLatin -tiō\nLatin -ātiōlbor.\nOld French -ationbor.\nMiddle English -acioun\nEnglish -ation\nEnglish canalisation\nFrom canalise + -ation.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "canalisations",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "canalization",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "-",
        "2": "s"
      },
      "expansion": "canalisation (usually uncountable, plural canalisations)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with quotations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              77,
              89
            ]
          ],
          "ref": "1857, Charles Lamb Kenney, The Gates of the East: Ten Chapters on the Isthmus of Suez Canal, page 18:",
          "text": "The whole of the soil of the isthmus is admirably adapted for the labours of canalisation.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "The conversion of a river or other waterway to a canal."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "conversion",
          "conversion"
        ],
        [
          "river",
          "river"
        ],
        [
          "waterway",
          "waterway"
        ],
        [
          "canal",
          "canal"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "uncountable",
        "usually"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "The management of something using defined channels of communication."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "management",
          "management"
        ],
        [
          "channel",
          "channel"
        ],
        [
          "communication",
          "communication"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "uncountable",
        "usually"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "en:Genetics"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "The ability of a genotype to produce the same phenotype regardless of variability of its environment."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "genetics",
          "genetics"
        ],
        [
          "genotype",
          "genotype"
        ],
        [
          "phenotype",
          "phenotype"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(genetics) The ability of a genotype to produce the same phenotype regardless of variability of its environment."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "uncountable",
        "usually"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "biology",
        "genetics",
        "medicine",
        "natural-sciences",
        "sciences"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˌkænələˈzeɪʃən/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "canalisation"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "French 5-syllable words",
    "French countable nouns",
    "French entries with incorrect language header",
    "French feminine nouns",
    "French lemmas",
    "French nouns",
    "French terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₂el- (grow)",
    "French terms suffixed with -ation",
    "French terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "French terms with homophones",
    "Pages using etymon with no ID",
    "Pages with 2 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Rhymes:French/jɔ̃",
    "Rhymes:French/jɔ̃/5 syllables"
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "lang": "Belarusian",
      "lang_code": "be",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ],
      "roman": "kanalizácyja",
      "word": "каналіза́цыя"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Polish",
      "lang_code": "pl",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ],
      "word": "kanalizacja"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Russian",
      "lang_code": "ru",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ],
      "roman": "kanalizácija",
      "word": "канализа́ция"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Turkish",
      "lang_code": "tr",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ],
      "word": "kanalizasyon"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Ukrainian",
      "lang_code": "uk",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ],
      "roman": "kanalizácija",
      "word": "каналіза́ція"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": ":af",
        "3": "canaliser",
        "4": "-ation"
      },
      "expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*cannālis\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"gloss\" : \"reed, cane\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"reed\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"𒂵𒉡𒌑𒌝\", \"id\" : \"reed\", \"children\" : [ ], \"transliteration\" : \"qanûm\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Akkadian\", \"term\" : \"qanûm\", \"lang\" : \"akk\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"κᾰ́ννᾰ\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"canna\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"grow\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*h₂el-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-ālis\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ālis\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\", \"pos\" : \"adjectival suffix\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"canālis\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"French\", \"term\" : \"canal\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"fr\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"-izāre\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"verbal\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-id-\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-yéti\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-idyéti\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Hellenic\", \"term\" : \"*-íďďō\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"grk-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"-ῐ́ζω\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Late Latin\", \"term\" : \"-izo\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la-lat\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old French\", \"term\" : \"-iser\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"fro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"French\", \"term\" : \"-iser\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"fr\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"French\", \"term\" : \"canaliser\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"fr\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"suffix\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"suffix\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"lbor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Learned borrowing from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*-tiHō\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-tis\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-Hō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-tiō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-tiō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ātiō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"lbor\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old French\", \"term\" : \"-ation\", \"lang\" : \"fro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Middle French\", \"term\" : \"-ation\", \"lang\" : \"frm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"French\", \"term\" : \"-ation\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"fr\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"French\", \"term\" : \"canalisation\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"fr\" }\" data-lang=\"fr\" data-title=\"canalisation\">",
      "name": "ety"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "canaliser",
        "3": "-ation"
      },
      "expansion": "canaliser + -ation",
      "name": "af"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From canaliser + -ation.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "canalisations",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "f"
      },
      "expansion": "canalisation f (plural canalisations)",
      "name": "fr-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "French",
  "lang_code": "fr",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "pipe"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "pipe",
          "pipe"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(often in the plural) pipe"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "in-plural",
        "often"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "channeling"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "channeling",
          "channeling"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ka.na.li.za.sjɔ̃/"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-WikiLucas00-canalisation.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/06/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-WikiLucas00-canalisation.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-WikiLucas00-canalisation.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/06/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-WikiLucas00-canalisation.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-WikiLucas00-canalisation.wav.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "France",
        "Lyon"
      ]
    },
    {
      "homophone": "canalisations"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-jɔ̃"
    }
  ],
  "word": "canalisation"
}

Download raw JSONL data for canalisation meaning in All languages combined (12.7kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-06-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-06-01 using wiktextract (03da280 and 7f4db16). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.